Human Desire to Fit In Essay Example For Students

Human Desire to Fit In Essay Two regular methods of dealing with a circumstance are either to do soaccording to ones own needs and wants with nospecific respect to others, or one can base a choice onhow it will be seen by others. By far most of peoplefall on being stressed over what others are sayingand thinking. Both great and awful can emerge out of living this way,but it has appeared to stay consistent from the beginning of time. Peoplehave a characteristic want to have a place, and to fit in with a certaingroup. Regardless of what bunch an individual picks, thatindividual quite often is constrained penance a section ofthem self so as to appear to be increasingly a piece of things. Individuals in thisworld appear to require friendship and are frequently excessively feeble to independent. Thus, they stand together in what ever bunch theyare most appropriate to. It is a focal point to huge numbers of the individuals who have stoppedto consider this reality. The possibility that individuals live concurring tohow others will see at that point has been built up as the rule,not the special case. The genuine inquiry presently lies in the reasons forthis lifestyle. It was estimated by C.S. Lewis that thisdesire to have a place and with fit in is a characteristic human trademark. He accepted that individuals have an instinctual drive to have a place, inthe same kind of way species replicate. It is conceivable that histheory of intuitive need is exact, and people are as awhole are week and frightened when they are confronted with isolation. The familiar aphorism there is security in larger groups is suitable inthis point. Frequently in this world horrendous things happen becausepeople bunch up and submit unspeakable acts, at that point take cover inthe quantities of those included. The Annual Freaknik celebrationis the ideal model. A large number of people swarm thestreets of Atlanta and loot the city for an end of the week, all thewhile they show no regard for the laws or the occupants of thecity. This can be legitimately identified with the issue of individuals doingthings to be a piece of the gathering. On the off chance that these individuals were askedindividually why they did these horrendous things, for the mostpart they would react by saying every other person is doing it. This could be meant I am simply attempting to be a section ofthings. In this specific model those included sacrificeany feeling of ethics or childhood that they may have had. Everyone is doing it. This sentence has demolished thousands oflives. It could be the most noticeably awful four word mix in theEnglish language. Individuals have been persuaded to start medicate use,drunk driving, bluff hopping, and incalculable different unwiseactivities. The explanation for this is clear, the human necessityto fit in and to appear to be cool is regularly to solid to contend with. Aperson could have the world and the entirety of its wealth, yet with outsomeone to impart it to, that individual would be absolutely alone. Individuals need one another. This is a reality of the world, and it willnever change. This need is a characteristic want that is found wherever in each individual with not very many special cases. It is genuine thattrouble can mix and horrendous things can happen as a result of thesegroups, yet the points of interest related out of sight the expenses. These gatherings that individuals structure between themselves frequently serve asshelter for the forlorn, hence it is normal forpeople to go out of sight way if important to have a place aparticular swarm. Subsequently the assessment of others iscrucial part of life. .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 , .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .postImageUrl , .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 , .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:hover , .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:visited , .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:active { border:0!important; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:active , .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u 64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d66 36 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u64db4046ff4bba5eb0d656ef381d6636:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Recycling Essayand fuck youyou are a lot of profiteering prostitutes and ought to be bludgoned to death with a wet noodle!thank you and go to hell†¦.pigfucker!!!

Parker Essay Example

Parker Essay PARKER : Penning worldwide system Ankita Jain Hrishikesh V Nilotpal Sinha Abhinav Sharma Great Lakes Institute of Management November 18, 2011 Caesar had died from the universe of men, had not his blade been protected by a pen. Conceptual In this investigation, we take a gander at two methodologies embraced by Parker Pen. The ? rst is an exceptionally effective methodology of item di? erentiation through mechanical development. The second is an ineffective execution of globalization methodology. 1 A short history of Parker Pen The Parker Pen Company was conceived in 1888 when George Sta? rd Parker attempted to fix some wellspring pens that were spilling and in the process started to fabricate his own pens. After six years in 1894, Parker Pen won the patent of the †Lucky Curve† feed, which was professed to move overabundance ink once again into the pen body when the pen was not being used. This innovation remained the di? erentiating factor for Parker pens until the appear ance of the Duofold during the 1930s. 1 2 The forty years time frame extending from 1920s to the 1960s, in the pre ballpoint pen time, was the brilliant time of Parker Pen’s rule when it reliably positioned either number one or number two in overall composing instrument deals. In 1931 Parker Pen made 1 2 Key words and expressions. Parker Pen, wellspring pen, ball-point pen. This examination was led for finishing of the gathering venture for Strategy Execution. 1 the Quink (snappy drying ink) which wiped out the requirement for smudging and prompted the advancement of the most generally utilized pen in history Parker 51 which produced over $400 million in deals. A Parker pen represented quality, eminence, convention, faithfulness and quality featured by the way that Parker pens were the pen of decision to sign significant archives in history, for example, the World War II truces. Parker Pen extended its business and by 1980s the organization had reached out up to 154 nations. The organization received globalization system to set up showcase nearness. Anyway the execution of this procedure was ineffective; the administrators neglected to make appropriate showcasing systems that would have caused them to contend in universal markets with economical items from different pieces of the world. In 1993 Parker Pen was obtained by the Gillette Company, which previously claimed the PaperMate brand, extraordinary compared to other selling dispensable ballpoints. We will compose a custom paper test on Parker explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Parker explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Parker explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In 2000, Gillette sold the composing instruments division to Newell Rubbermaid, whose own Stationery Division, Sanford, turned into the biggest on the planet claiming such brand names as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds just as Parker, PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper. As of late, Parker Pen has surrendered both the passage level market just as the customary retail outlets in North America and moved into up-scale extravagance retailers. 2 Innovation as a di? erentiation methodology Throughout its history, Parker Pen has utilized mechanical development as a technique to di? erentiate itself from the opposition. The organization has been a pioneer in research on composing instruments and presented a few progressive items . In this area, we take a gander at a portion of the notable items from Parker Pens which have driven both the organization just as the pen showcase. (The current arrangement of Parker Pen’s items can be found in Ref. [1]) 2. 1 Duofold 1921 In 1921 the organization presented the Parker Duofold (Ref. [2]) wellspring pen. It was a best in class pen for its time and Parker Pen situated the Duofold in the chief section and estimated it lavishly $7. 00, equal to about $85 in 2011. In 1926 the Duofold turned into the ? rst pen on the planet to have an ensured life of †forever†. It was a moment achievement. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle utilized one to compose the adventures of Sherlock Holmes. General Douglas MacArthur marked the archive finishing World War II in the 2 Paci? c with his multi year old Duofold (Ref. [3]). By the mid 1930s the Duofolds configuration had become dated in the USA however it stayed well known in Europe until the 1960s. In 1988, Parker propelled the Duofold Centennial arrangement of pens. The cutting edge Duofold is a key piece of Parker Pens item portfolio. . 2 Quink 1928 In 1928, following three years of examination and a speculation of $68,000, Parker Pen thought of Quink (a portmanteau word from ’quick’ and ’ink’; otherwise called Double Quink and Parker 51 Ink) that would wipe out the requirement for blotching. The achievement of Quink lay in the way that it had various helpful highlights: it oppos ed water, it didn't obstruct, it had the ideal nature of ink ? ow, it opposed trim, it was non-destructive, it didn't leave stores, it didn't blur, and, in particular, it was speedy drying. In any case, the new ink was emphatically basic and contained isopropyl liquor, a dissolvable not recently utilized in inks, which frequently harmed the pen barrels of that time which were made utilizing pyralin. This issue in the long run prompted the advancement of the world’s best pen, the Parker 51 of every 1941. In 1941, when the Parker 51 was propelled, Double Quink was renamed and repackaged as †Parker 51 ink† as an advertising activity. Parker Pen’s ink deals turned into the way to keeping up the company’s star? tability. This income age model is utilized by the cutting edge PC printer organizations, whose primary wellspring of income originates from the offer of printer cartridges. Further improvements were made to Parker Pen inks with its progressive †Super Chrome† ink. This ink was showcased in 1947 after an exploration period that endured 17 years and cost over $200,000. This was the ? rst fundamental ink improvement over the most recent three centuries. Today, over seventy years after the fact, Quink is as yet the world’s greatest selling pen ink. 2. 3 Vacumatic 1933 The Parker Vacumatic (Ref. 4]) wellspring pen was presented in 1933, as a supplanting the Duofold as Parker’s best in class item. The Vacumatic included another ? lling system which flaunted an a lot higher ink limit than the Duofold. The pen remained Parkers best in class item until the dispatch of the Parker 51 of every 1941. The US creation proceeded through 1948, and until 1953 in Canada. 3 2. 4 Parker 5 1 1941 In 1941 Parker Pen presented the Parker 51 (Ref. [5]) which seemingly is the best pen ever both as far as prevalence and deals. General Eisenhower marked the triumph in Europe in 1944. The cutting edge plan of the Parker 51 proclaimed as †Ten Years Ahead† of now is the ideal time, a progressive pen, with its hooded, rounded nib and multi-? nned authority, all intended to work related to the pen’s exclusive ink, permitting the nib to remain wet and set out an even line with either the ultra-quick drying ink or progressively customary inks. It was promoted as the ’The Worlds Most Wanted Pen’ which made colossal interest which took Parker quite a while to ful? l. By 1970, the Parker 51 produced over $400 million in deals, higher than that created by any single pen ever. 2. 5 Jotter 1954 In the 1940, the world had seen a ? erce fight for piece of the overall industry battled between the customary wellspring pens and the new ballpoint pens. In spite of some underlying achievement, ballpoint pens passed on a purchaser demise and by 1951, the wellspring pen turned into the pen of decision of the world. In 1954, Parker Pens presented its ? rst ballpoint pen, the Jotter which composed ? ve times longer than the best ballpoint pens accessible in the market, the Eversharp and the Reynolds ballpoint pens. It was the presentation of Jotter that restored the ballpoint pen showcase. Parker sold 3. 5 million Jotters at $2. 5 to $8. 75 in under one year. In 1957, Parker Pen presented the T-ball Jotter with tungsten carbide finished metal ball which to this date stays an industry standard. The celebrated styling of the Parker Duofold was restored in 1972 as a ball pen and inside the following decade, ballpoint pens surpassed wellspring pen as the number decision of pen on the planet. 3 Rise of rivalry 1980s After about a time of commanding the ? ne composing instrument advertise, Parker Pen went into a time of emergency during the 1980s and the purpose behind this was the organization was driven by an inappropriate methodology. Parker was confronting rivalry from three fronts. Initially, the Japanese were mass advertising less expensive and dispensable pens and had caught a huge bit of the low end showcase in USA and Europe and were bit by bit eating into Parker Pen’s piece of the pie. Second, similar to the Japanese, American brands, for example, Paper Mate, Bic, Pilot, and Pentel had made signi? cance nearness in the low end portion and bit by bit disintegrating and were pulling ceaselessly parker Pen’s client. Third, in the high 4 end section which had been Parker Pens principle target portion, rivalry had become ? ercer with presumed German brands, for example, Montblanc and A. T. Cross creation progress in the European markets. 4 Globalization technique 1982 Parker Pen confronted two differentiating difficulties. On one side the debilitated dollar created high remote income since about 80% of the company’s deals were abroad, the master? ts got from those deals spoke to even large genius? ts when meant neighborhood cash. However, on the opposite side, this over reliance on outside deals presented the organization to remote contenders, particularly the reasonable brands from Japan which utilized low valuing as a procedure to contend in the universal market. Parker Pen understood that a serious technique dependent on item di? erentiation through mechanical development was not su? cient to upset the test from contenders. In 1982, James R. Peterson beca

House on Mango Street Review free essay sample

The book being surveyed is titled, The House on Mango Street and was composed by Sandra Cisneros and first distributed in 1984. The book follows a youthful Latina young lady experiencing childhood in Chicago as she goes on the exciting ride of life attempting to discover her direction. The story is told in a progression of vignettes. The cost of the book is $11. 00 and ISBN: 978-0-679-73477-2. Sandra Cisneros is notable for her verse and short story assortments; her capacity to interface a few short stories/vignettes is immaculate. The reason for this book was to recount to a story about growing up. Covering a time of the life of a Mexican-American young lady, Esperanza, who faces numerous difficulties as she discovers her own specific manner through this pivotal year of improvement both genuinely and intellectually/inwardly. My own view of the reason for this book was to uncover a portion of the social customs and conditions of a Mexican family living in America. We will compose a custom article test on House on Mango Street Review or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Additionally, on the page before the Table of Contents, there is one page with the words â€Å"A las Muejeres†¦. To the Women†; unmistakably Cisneros proposed to have an effect of the lives of females. In any elegantly composed novel there are a few subjects. The fundamental topic that leaped out at me was the thought behind language and how it can characterize you. For instance, Esperanza discusses how her dad couldn’t settle on any decisions about what he would eat when he originally came to America since he wasn’t ready to impart in English; thusly he ate â€Å"hamandeggs† for a quarter of a year since he didn’t know some other words in English. Likewise, when Esperanza’s mother composes a letter to the school and it doesn’t get a lot of positive consideration on the grounds that it’s so written in broken English. At long last, when the woman shows up to live with the man over the road, Esperanza calls her â€Å"mamacita†. Mamacita never comes out of the house and Esperanza thinks it’s on the grounds that she doesn’t communicate in English; she sits and tunes in to Spanish radio the entire day and urges her child to â€Å"No communicate in English†. The proposal is that so as to have power in this nation, Esperanza won't just communicate in English, however ace the language. Cisneros portrays Mamacita as having a need to remain in the house constantly in light of the fact that she can’t communicate in English; significantly further, on the grounds that she remains in the house throughout the day she is miserable and frequently battles with the man she lives with. Cisneros additionally uncovered Esperanza’s father’s decision to never eat ham and eggs again on the grounds that he had to have it breakfast, lunch and supper when he initially resulted in these present circumstances nation. Both of these circumstances clarify the negative impacts of not communicating in English and how it leaves you weak in American culture. The House on Mango Street is a brisk perused that leaves a gigantic effect. Esperanza’s battles as an individual from a Mexican family in America are not detached to relating just to Mexican-American families or other outsider gatherings; each peruser can figure out how to identify with Esperanza’s story in this novel. Specifically, the exercise of become friends with Sally stuck out. Esperanza becomes a close acquaintence with Sally since she is beginning to be interested about young men. She finds that Sally is extremely mainstream among the young men and needs to spend time with her to gain their consideration too. Inevitably being associated with Sally drives Esperanza into a shocking and damaging experience. I believe that our adolescents and youthful grown-ups in the public arena will truly reverberate with this piece of the novel and potentially take in something from this story. Additionally, give exceptional consideration to the ladies Cisneros portrays as sitting by windows. Every one of these ladies speaks to a negative and practically defenseless figure in the public arena for an assortment of reasons. Cisneros has gotten numerous honors for her work and has been universally perceived. Cisneros is the originator of the Macondo Foundation, a relationship of journalists joined to serve underserved networks. To become familiar with Sandra Cisneros, you can visit her site at www. sandracisneros. com. In the last part Cisneros composes â€Å"One day I will gather my packs of books and paper. One day I will bid farewell to Mango. I am too solid to even consider keeping me here forever†¦Friends and neighbors will say, ‘What happened to that Esperanza? ’† This is a significant explanation; it shows that Esperanza separates herself from this present life she’s encountering. That with her background and language capability she will escape from Mango Street, abandoning the individuals who are not sufficiently able to get out.

Labour Laws Application Practice and Implementation Coursework

Work Laws Application Practice and Implementation - Coursework Example So as to comprehend an employee’s option to suggest law and guideline, to put an intrigue against unreasonable excusal, a case will be concentrated altogether. Finally, the paper plans to examine the maternity rights which are allowed to the workers and how they suit in the current society. Foundation to the Context: Employment law has been considered as a vital territory of law which has gotten basic consideration from universal law too. As clear from the arrangements related with the Employment Act, there are numerous rules, commitments, rights, and rules for various cases and their outcomes on both for the representative and the business. Since there is an expanded number of commitments, it has become a multifaceted nature for both the gatherings to actualize important arrangements in their separate cases. It ought to be noticed that business law is being rehearsed in pretty much every nation of the world with their partnership to universal work law (Barnard, 2006). Section 1 (a) Rights of Employees under Section 1-Employment Particulars During the time of work, the worker and the business both ought to know about their privileges and specialists. I. Sub-Section 3 and 4: Where on one hand, it is significant for the business to have total data and trust of the representative; ii. CONT: it is likewise noteworthy for the representative to realize what his privileges are and to comprehend what he can guarantee on account of a contention with his boss. Work Rights Act of 1996 obviously characterizes these circumstances for them two. The segment 1 of the law manages the work specifics and the business articulation. This area of the law is a sort of rule for the worker to recognize what his privileges are during business and at the hour of end reasonable or out of line so they become more acquainted with what kind of word and conditions to anticipate from the council if there should arise an occurrence of any break from the employer(Barnard, 2006) Subsection 1 of Section1 states: Where a representative starts work with a business, the business will provide for the representative a composed explanation of specifics of employment† (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581) Under the announcement of specifics of the segment 1 subsection 1 of the Employment Rights Act of 1996, any representative is furnished with an announcement of points of interest when he begins any activity (Section 1, sub section1). 1 The subsection 2 of segment 1 further clarifies the subsection 1 expressing that: The announcement may (subject to area 2(4)) be given in portions and will be given not later than two months after the start of the work (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581)† The announcement of points of interest must be given to the worker inside about two months of the beginning of his business (Section 1, Subsection2). Subsection 3 and 4: I. The area 1 of the law fundamentally manages this announcement of points of interest, the subtleties and the terms and rules for the arrangement between the business and the worker. ii. The announcement has a rundown of things entitled, from the name of the worker and the expected set of responsibilities to the compensation wages and its installment plan (Section 1, Subsection3 and 4). As expressed in the provisos of the Subsection 3 and 4: 3-â€Å"The articulation will contain points of interest of: (a) the names of the business and worker, (b) the date when the business began† 4-â€Å".

Definitions of Tourism free essay sample

The World Tourism Organization characterizes visitors as individuals venturing out to and remaining In places outside their typical condition for not more than one back to back year for recreation, business and different purposes. This natural changes will influence the Individual who ventures yet in addition the host. In the event that we look to the meaning of Safari we will see that the attention on Individual and Industry will be influenced straightforwardly. The business will be influenced by the ascent and speedy development.Tourist and host have an equivalent commitment to these changes. To roll out these improvements it includes individuals. For instance a higher number of explorers will raise the business extremely quick and roll out the improvements likewise a lot quicker. Perceive the interest flexibly to fulfill that need and that the effect that originates from both it likewise recognized stream from the root goal to the last new goal. Safari isn't giving any consideration in his definition for the intentions or reason and regular natural surroundings. We will compose a custom article test on Meanings of Tourism or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He Just stays away from the subject Itself leaving a hole from his definition to Pearce definition. Pearce gives the insights regarding the reason for the voyagers. He can see a potential explorer with two shopping center outcomes on the Industry, one Is for business and one for occasion. Pears likewise Includes In his advanced definition the advancement and arranging of the excursion Safari additionally offering types of assistance to the clients. Pearce and Safari see a potential effect between the components of the definitions.Pearce sway are not lardier by him, Safari see the effect on the hosts social-social, financial and physical situations. The effect can be sure or negative in the two instances of the definitions relying upon the activities of the travel industry subjects. From another point of view, the travel industry is characterized by Safari as a dynamic, developing, client driven power. It is a science and a business, drawing in and moving guests, pleasing them and benevolently obliging their needs and needs. The two definitions Include the world needs.In the two cases this needs are of the traveler itself. On the off chance that coordinator will cover all needs of every single Interested subject in exceptional traveler regions this can have a negative Impact. Carrying this to regular components together needs and Impact will have likewise basic outcomes. The travel industry unbounded undermines the very quintessence of what individuals are rushing to find in any case the way of life, the earth, the individuals. Long haul harm from the travel industry without a duty plan is a predicament all concerned Rudy Definitions of TourismBy southwestward remaining in places outside their typical condition for not more than one back to back influence the person who voyages yet additionally the host. On the off chance that we look to the meaning of Safari we will see that the attention on individual and industry will be influenced straightforwardly. Stream from the inception goal to the last new goal. Safari isn't giving any evades the subject itself leaving a hole from his definition to Pearce def inition. Voyager with two fundamental results on the business, one is for business and one for uproariously.

SIPA expands the WGSS Council COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA expands the WGSS Council COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Im pleased to share that Columbia University has its own Womens, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (WGSS) Council. The WGSS Council was originally co-founded in 2013 by SIPA Professor Yasmine Ergas and FAS Dean Alondra Nelson, and the success,  popularity and need for the program led to the creation of a university-wide council. While this news would particularly interest those interested in the Gender and Public Policy specialization, its an important development at Columbia University that everyone should know about. Heres the full press release: Columbia University is home to numerous centers, institutes, programs, and initiatives engaged in rich scholarship dedicated to women’s, gender, and sexuality studies. Until recently, however, these efforts remained relatively distinct from one another. The Columbia University Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (WGSS) Council is a new network with the goal of enhancing connections and conversations around these topics by bringing together faculty, students, and administrators. We hope that all members of the Columbia University community working in these areas will become involved and have provided information below to assist you in doing so. The WGSS Council was founded in 2013 by Yasmine Ergas and Alondra Nelson. Yasmine is Director of the Specialization on Gender and Public Policy, School of International and Public Affairs, and Alondra is Professor of Sociology and Gender Studies and Dean of Social Science for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Under their leadership, the WGSS Council uses biennial meetings to promote more collaboration among faculty and students. The Council highlights the accomplishments of Columbia teachers and researchers in the areas of women’s, gender, and sexuality studies across all schools of the University. In 2014 and 2015, the Council also co-sponsored seminars with the Center for the Study of Social Difference on “keywords” in women’s, gender, and sexuality studies. In the fall of this year, the Council will host a national conference here at Columbia on feminist and LGBT scholarship; the conference will be co-hosted by the LGBTQ Working Group of the Provost’s Advisory Council for the Enhancement of Faculty Diversity, the Program for the Study of LGBT Health, and other units in the Council. The WGSS Council recently launched a new website that will serve as a hub of information about the many programs and initiatives dedicated to women’s, gender, and sexuality studies across the University’s disciplines, centers, divisions and schools. We encourage all members of the Columbia University community to submit information about events, campus resources, research opportunities, and ongoing scholarship to the website. The establishment of the WGSS Council was supported by Dennis A. Mitchell, Vice Provost for Faculty Diversity and Inclusion, Merit E. Janow, Dean of the School of International and Public Affairs, and David Madigan, Executive Vice President of Arts and Sciences. The members of the Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Council include: Athena Center for Leadership Studies, Barnard College Barnard Center for Research on Women Barnard College Library Butler Library, Columbia University Center for Gender Sexuality Law, Columbia University School of Law Center for the Study of Culture, Politics and Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race, Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) Center for the Study of Religion and Sexuality, FAS Center for the Study of Social Difference, FAS Center on African American Religion, Sexual Politics Social Justice, FAS Department of Women’s, Gender, Sexuality Studies, Barnard College Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) Gender and Public Policy Specialization, Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) Gender, Sexuality, Health and HIV Substantive Research Area Group, Population Research Center Institute for Research on Women, Gender, and Sexuality, FAS Institute for the Study of Human Rights, FAS Program for the Study of LGBT Health, NYSPI, Department of Psychiatry (CUMC), and Columbia University School of Nursing School of Professional Studies, FAS Sexuality, Women, and Gender Project, Teachers College Women Creating Change, CSSD, FAS Women in Energy Program, Center on Global Energy Policy, SIPA

Quiet Professionalism - Free Essay Example

As we reach the end of the year, I believe it is always a worthwhile endeavor to reflect on the goals you have accomplished, what you hope to achieve in the coming year, and the associated action steps that will help you realize those items. Similarly, I also believe it is important to reflect upon day-to-day behaviors, and how repeated excellence in small, seemingly trivial matters, lay the foundation upon which the large structures of personal integrity, calmness under pressure, and quiet professionalism are built. The work we do is challenging, and complex. The groups we interact with, both internal and external, are numerous and diverse. The visibility of our team is high, and subject to intense levels of scrutiny. We are an impassioned group of individuals that through shared trials, often by fire, are brought together as a cohesive unit. It is this conglomeration of conditions that often times make dealing with others who do not understand our challenges nor understand our passions, and talents the subject of frustration. I urge you to channel these frustrations in a constructive manner. When dealing with external partners, counterparties, regulators, and senior leadership, exercise patience when working with those who do not understand the depths and complexity of our charge. Profanity is not professional, nor constructive. Flared tempers are not professional, and damage credibility. Condescension is not professional, and a direct affront to a culture of shared success. There can be no question that at times I am among, if not the largest offender of these items. You are owed better from me as a leader, and are deserving of someone that can help showcase your talents, which are exceptional. You have my word that I will strive for personal excellence in this endeavor. In the coming days, Resource Management leadership will begin the alignment and ranking process. It is my commitment to all of you that I will enter the process on your behalf with tenacity personified through quiet professionalism. In the days, weeks, and months ahead, help arm me with arrows of your own quiet professionalism.

A Group of Baboons Is Not a Congress

A popular meme contains a picture with several baboons playing in the snow captioned: Did you know that a large group of baboons is called a Congress? As the meme goes on to explain: We are all familiar with a herd of cows, a flock of chickens, a school of fish and a gaggle of geese. However, less widely known is a pride of lions, a murder of crows (as well as their cousins the rooks and ravens), an exaltation of doves and, presumably because they look so wise, a parliament of owls. Now consider a group of baboons. They are the loudest, most dangerous, most obnoxious, most viciously aggressive and least intelligent of all primates. And what is the proper collective noun for a group of baboons? Believe it or not ... a Congress! I guess that pretty much explains the things that come out of Washington! The meme does explain one thing: The person who posted or sent it does not know what a large group of baboons is called. It’s a ‘Troop’ National Geographic says, baboons form large troops, composed of dozens or even hundreds of baboons, governed by a complex hierarchy that fascinates scientists. According to the Oxford Dictionaries list of proper terms for groups of things, organized gatherings of kangaroos, monkeys, and baboons are all called â€Å"troops,† while the only group called a â€Å"congress† is Congress.   An Expert Weighs In In an email to PolitiFact, Shirley Strum, director of the University of Californias Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project in Nairobi, Kenya, agreed that a group of baboons is known as a â€Å"troop.† â€Å"I have never heard the term congress used for a group of baboons! she wrote, adding, I would prefer to be governed by baboons than the current Congress! They are more socially committed, abide by the golden rule and are generally nicer people. Baboons are socially sophisticated and incredibly smart and among primates, no species is as dangerous as humans. Only baboons who have been spoiled by humans feeding them are dangerous and are never as aggressive as humans. The Point The point the meme is trying to make is that the U.S. Congress has pretty much degenerated into a largely ineffectual collection of lifetime professional politicians, typically  trusted by only 10% of the American people, that spends more time arguing, running for re-election and on vacation than it does tending to its real job of carrying out the legislative process in a way that helps Americans happily pursue life and liberty.   In 1970, for example, the troop called Congress passed its very own Legislative Reorganization Act, which among other things â€Å"required† both the House of Representatives and the Senate to take the entire month of August off every year unless a â€Å"state of war† or â€Å"emergency† exists at the time. The last time Congress decided to take a break from its break was in the summer of 2005 when lawmakers returned to Washington just long enough to pass legislation authorizing aid for victims of Hurricane Katrina. But the fact remains that a gathering of baboons is not a congress.

Weaknesses Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1027 Words

Kensie Campbell Paper 1 EN 231 9/20/17 What comes to mind when one hears the word hero? We typically refer to a hero as someone with superhuman powers or qualities of bravery, wisdom, and strength. â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† narrates the story of a beautiful, powerful man named Gilgamesh who is king of Sumerian city-state Uruk. In hopes to reverse his destiny, Gilgamesh journeys from one end of the world to the other in hopes to find immortality. The poem of â€Å"El Cid† is about a gentleman who fights to reestablish his honor after being exiled from Spain upon accusation of treason. After conquering the Moorish settlements in Spain, El Cid is pardoned by the king and his daughters are married off to royal Spanish princes. However, upon deeper†¦show more content†¦After winning the fight against the princes, El Cid’s daughters remarry to new princes who are relatives of king Alfonso. Alfonso announces, â€Å"See how he grows in honor who in good hour was born; his daughters are wives of the Kings of Navarre and Aragon. Now the Kings of Spain are his kinsmen, and all advance in honor through My Cid the Campeador. (1460-1463)† Despite his past ranking, El Cid’s defeat of the princes and news of his daughters’ remarriage into royalty aids in his social promotion to the top. Gilgamesh, on the other hand, is not so lucky. His weakness is something that he cannot escape. Since Gilgamesh is part human, death is an inevitable fact of life. Gilgamesh’s fate is first foreseen when he has a dream about a wild man Enkidu. Gilgamesh tells his mother,† Stars of the sky appeared, and some kind of meteorite of Anu fell next to me. I tried to lift it but it was too mighty for me, I tried to turn it but I could not budge it. – I loved it and embraced it as a wife. I laid it down at your feet, and you made it compete with me. (220-231)† Gilgamesh learns his destiny is to love Enkidu, but the gods create Enkidu to destroy Gilgamesh. When the goddess of love sends the bull of heaven to kill Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh and Enkidu defeat the bull, but the gods are not happy. As punishment, they speak the curse of death upon Enkidu. Heart-brokenShow MoreRelatedA Long Narrative Poem That Is About Heroic Deeds And A1631 Words   |  7 Pagesculture and person who wrote it is an epic poem. A great deal of writers use epic poems to tell the tales and quest of heroes. It played a crucial part in the Epic of Gilgamesh from Mesopotamia because it recorded the epic deeds of heroes and their culture. The epic of Gilgamesh meets the criteria of an epic poem because the plot centers on the hero of unbelievable stature, it has a wild setting, and it in involves supernatural and godly forces. The epic poem of Gilgamesh plot centers on the hero of UnbelievableRead MoreReview Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1097 Words   |  5 PagesN.K. Sandars, The Epic of Gilgamesh, is one of the most well-known stories in literature. Gilgamesh ruled the city of Uruk and one of the most advanced cities during the third millennium B.C. He orders his people to build the strongest walls by protecting them from dangerous attacks. In the Epic, he is described as physically strong, beautiful, and wise ruler of Mesopotamia. Yet, in the beginning, Gilgamesh was uncontrollable of his powers. His people can’t take it anymore and so they prayed to theRead MoreThe Iliad, Odyssey, And Epic Of Gilgamesh1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Iliad, Odyssey, and Epic of Gilgamesh all demonstrate the transformational process of their respective epic heroes through their strengths and weaknesses. Epic heroes such as Achilles, Odysseus, and Gilgamesh all possessed superior qualities that separated them from othe r individuals. Although their incredible abilities may support the societal perception of strong leadership, their weaknesses caused these characters to hold vices that went against the cultural expectations of what a strong leaderRead MoreEpic Passages of The Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Odyssey921 Words   |  4 Pageshero? In the two epic passages The Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Odyssey, heroism appears to be a clear distinction with the literature, and has the same basic framework as today’s definition of a hero. Historically, in the texts, heroes such as Gilgamesh and Odysseus are protagonists viewed and credited with great bravery and most certainly heroism. Nearly all of the heroic figures throughout time, both fictitious and living and are viewed as a protagonist in their own epic challenge or struggleRead MoreOdysseus Or Gilgamesh - Will The Real Epic Hero Please Stand Up?1640 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus or Gilgamesh - Will the real Epic Hero please stand up? â€Å"Gilgamesh went to the entrance into the mountain and entered the darkness alone, without a companion. By the time he reached the end of the first league the darkness was total, nothing behind or before. He made his way, companionless, to the end† (Book 9 p. 51, The Epic of Gilgamesh). In The Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem translated by N.K. Sanders, Gilgamesh is a character who is by all accounts an epic hero. As a person of nobilityRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Epic of Gilgamesh there are many notable relationships but the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is hands down the most noteworthy. When analyzing the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu there are many factors that go into play. It is really the sole foundation of the whole Sumerian epic and it really changes the whole personality of Gilgamesh. In order to get a better understanding of how the two characters complement each other we have to first break dow n their individual appearancesRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh: The Ignorance of Gilgamesh1001 Words   |  5 Pages In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh’s pursuit for immortality is marked by ignorance and selfish desire. Desire and ignorance, as The Buddha-karita of Asvaghosha suggests, pollutes man’s judgment resulting in his inability to break the cycle of birth and death. At the core of Gilgamesh’s desire resides his inability to accept the inevitability of death, making his rationality behind the pursuit of immortality ignorant and selfish. Implicitly, Gilgamesh’s corrupt desire for immortality conveys thatRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : King Of Uruk1332 Words   |  6 PagesIn the verse narrative The Epic of Gilgamesh the principal character Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, is described as an entity that is two-thirds god and one-third man. Gilgamesh is a hero/protagonist who exhibits many more human features than divine features. This makes him a flawed hero because all humans are flawed. He is even described in human terms. â€Å"A perfect physical specimen, gifted athlete and sex machine† [Davis p.154]. His primary flaws are pride and arrogance with his pursuit for immortalityRead MoreThe Role Of Changing Perception Of The Hero1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes the definition of a hero change over time? The Epic of Gilgamesh is perhaps the â€Å"longest and greatest literary composition written in cuneiform Akkadian† (Dalley 39) and told to an audience, while The Odyssey, and Oedipus the King came many centuries later. However, they all have a hero that represents the values of the society at the time. This paper is going to compare and contrast the ideal of the hero from ancient Mesopotamia in Gilgamesh in approximately 2000 BC, The Odyssey, from the closeRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesMany texts, both ancient and modern, explore the possibilities of living forever. The Epic of Gilgamesh is just one of the stories examining this theory. The Gilgamesh tablets discuss many such issues pertinent to much of today’s population: what is the meaning of life? How will I be remembered? This age old topic is explored through many popular mediums today such as graphic novels and in the film industry. Additionally the immortal question is further studied in some scientific industries, to

Crime And Violence Of Mexico - 2893 Words

Crime and Violence in Mexico as we know it is all too common. The Drugs power and control is often heard way too many times. Drug traffickers often come from a childhood of poverty. But the battle for survival among cartels in Mexico, in which thousands of people, mostly in the drug trade or fighting it, have been killed, has only led drug traffickers to redouble their efforts to get their drugs to market in the United States. These Drug Traffickers all have one thing in common they all want territory control and want to be the number one organization. One of the most powerful Drug lords in today’s history is named El Chapo Guzman. He became Mexico’s top drug kingpin in 2003. He was considered the most powerful drug trafficker in the world†¦show more content†¦He was never found until late last year in February 2014. He was found inside his fourth floor condo in a beach front condominium in Mazatlan Sinaloa. He was captured without a single gunshot being fired. Ray Sanchez. Evan Perez and Elise Labott, CNN (2014) In his years from 2001to 2014 his whereabouts were unknown some believe he was hiding in the Golden Triangle in areas of Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua. this region is known for major production of marijuana and opium poppy in Mexico. It states in some reports that his security entailed of about 300 men and gunmen. His inner circle of men would help him move around the ranches nearby in the mountainous areas. He would usually escape authorities using bullet proof cars, aircraft and all-terrain vehicles. Alongside with sophisticated communications gadgets. Jo Tuckman CBS News (2014), Jeremy Bender (2014) Since many of these locations can be reached through dirt roads, residents could easily detect outsiders. Their distrust to the outside people and with a combination of bribes and intimidation kept the strangers out. Noticiero Televisa April (2011) Although he ran for a quite a long time, in February 22nd of 2014 , his luck ran out, the Mexican Navy along with joint intelligence and the U.S Marshall Service. All of these agencies came together and apprehend this individual. It is said that Guzman’s family is heavily involved in drug trafficking, with several members killed by Los Zetas and the BeltranShow MoreRelatedModern Drug and Crime Mexico Finals Essay934 Words   |  4 Pages Crime and Drug Cartels in Mexico- Crime in Mexico is one of the most urgent and serious concerns facing Mexico today. Crime statistics in Mexico show that even over the years, the crime rate has decreased. Over the last 100 years or more there has still been a huge upswing in drug related crimes, especially within the last few decades (Tuckman). Crimes as of today are not all reported, so the rates may be higher than statistics indicate. The government is not able to catch all of these drugRead MoreReasons Behind The War On Drugs1365 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant reasons behind the war on drugs between the Mexican government and the drug cartels in Mexico and examine the impact of this conflict on Mexico and on US National Security. Drug Trafficking or any other illegal activity related to drug Cartels and gangs pose an imminent threat to the Mexican governance because of the corruption and the violence they generate. Illegal drugs affect not only Mexico but also the U.S in terms of trafficking and consumption. The Mexican government has always takenRead MoreThe War On Drugs Has Been All Over The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagestime has had the trouble of facing the many negatives that come along with drugs such as people becoming addicts, violence, and crime in general, drug lords, and a plethora of other problems. Handling these problems before they get out of hand are relatively important, because if not handled right the country, region, state, or local municipality could collapse at any given time. Mexico, who has been handling a drug war this past decade seems as if they are not getting better any time soon and seriousRead MoreU.s. Politics, Citizen Safety, And Economy1390 Words   |  6 Pagesassisting the Mexican government, the level of violence and gang-related deaths are still increasing at an alarming rate. So far, the majority of U.S. involvement has been in the way of money and physical enforcement; both Mexico and our border with them have become heavily militarized in the years since the â€Å"war on drugs† was launched. However, this military action doesn’t seem to be having any effect accept to spark intensified revolts and counter-violence by the Mexican cartels. The Mexican securityRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels: Problem of the Past or Indication of the Future?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fire. Narco-violence has claimed the lives of thousands of citizens in recent years. Drug cartels have become comparable to Mafia figures, and have resorted to Mafia-style violence to prove to the Mexican government that they remain in control. The violence caused by drug cartels is rumored to lead Mexico to become a failed state. George W. Grayson, regular lecturer at the United States Department of State, has made more than one-hundred and twenty-five research trips to Mexico, and is consideredRead MoreConflict Analysis : Mexico And Central America1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Merida Initiative: Mexico and Central America. Then, I will focu s on â€Å"Drug War†: Lenses, Frames, and â€Å"Seeing† Solutions. I will then talk about, â€Å"conflict analysis ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬, a lens for viewing conflict that brings into focus a multilevel, integrative diagnosis of the violence in Mexico and supports recent evolutions in Plan Merida toward a more holistic peace-building approach† (Carpenter, 2013). In other words, conflict analysis focuses on the determination of conflict in Mexico and aids current advancementRead MoreDrug Trafficking During The United States Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent extents to get the job done. Drug trafficking increases the violence levels These drugs have been smuggled through the Southwest Border since the 1970s and are attempting to expand the distribution of those drugs into eastern U.S. markets. The countries of drug production have been seen as the worst affected by prohibition. In many countries worldwide, the illegal drug trafficking can be directly linked to hi gh violent crimes. This is especially true in third world countries, but has still beenRead MoreMexico’s War on Drugs Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen much violence due to this drug problem that has left many people near the border killed and is allowing more criminals to obtain these weapons. A lot of this attention goes to the U.S. because many of the weapons utilized in the â€Å"drug war† are U.S. made and is interfering with trading relations amongst both the U.S. and Mexico. With this current violent situation in Mexico this has transformed the flow of weapons to an even larger scale. During the mid-2000’s former President of Mexico Felipe CalderonRead MoreOrganized Crime Related Deaths / Murders898 Words   |  4 Pagesexplaining that while organized crime has been problematic for some time, the number of organized crime related deaths/murders has been on a steady rise. As the presenter further illustrates, in 2001, it was around 1,000. By 2008, the number had its first big jump, however, in 2010, the number had skyrocketed to over 34,000! However, the death, or capture of cartel leaders is not the solution and has led to two large cycles of violence. Most of the crime can be broken down into sevenRead MoreMexican Trafficking And Drug Trafficking1341 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that Mexico has a history with many brutal crimes? Crimes such as kidnapping, money laundering, murders, prostitution, drug dealing, extortion, human trafficking, gun trafficking, drug trafficking, car thief, and cartels wars. Have you ever been a victim of an y of this crimes listed above in Mexico? Sadly most people who lived in Mexico tend to be victims of a crime. In Mexico 1 out of every 8,300 people are violently murdered. Most murder rates are in the borders near the United States

Jefferson Davis The Civil War - 1284 Words

The date was June 28th, 1861. On this day, Jefferson Davis Tant was born to William and Mattie Tant of Paulding County, Georgia (Tant 16-17). His namesake was derived from the Confederate president who had presided over one of America’s bloodiest conflicts: the Civil War (17). Merely two months and sixteen days before, this war had officially begun. Shortly thereafter, Tant’s father, William, heeded the call of the Confederacy and left his family behind to fight against the Union armies (17-18). Three years later, the war had reached Tant’s home in northern Georgia. The homestead that he had labored to establish there was destroyed five days before the Battle of New Hope Church occurred, leaving his wife and three young sons to fend for themselves amid a hostile environment (12-15). This was J.D. Tant’s first taste of what the world offered. The years following the War, his parents did what they could to provide for their children. When William Tant return ed home, he attempted to retrieve the deeds to some of his property, but it was promptly stolen by a man named Babe Forsythe (20). William proceeded to move his family to South Georgia where he tried his hand at farming, trading, carpentry, and various other odd jobs, but none of these occupations yielded any sustainable income (21). By 1876, however, William Tant had set his sights on a new horizon: Texas. In the fall of that same year, the family packed up the few belongings they possessed and made the journey westwardShow MoreRelatedJefferson Davis : The Civil War1573 Words   |  7 PagesOne such story that was told by Lincoln concerned his desire not to pursue Jefferson Davis near the conclusion of the Civil War. Lincoln, through the use of this story, was able to relate to his general that while he agreed in principle that his object should be to pursue and capture the president of the confederate states; it would not be such a horrible thing if Davis was allowed to escape, â€Å"unbeknownst-like† (Phillips, 1993; p.61). Lincoln, already known for his compassion and hesitancy to useRead MoreJefferson Davis And The American Civil War1285 Words   |  6 Pages Jefferson Davis lived from (1808-1889) and was a Mexican War hero, a U.S. senator from Mississippi, and U.S. secretary of war and president of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the American Civil War (1861-1865). Prior to the start of the war, Davis had argued against secession, but when Mississippi seceded he resigned from the U.S. Senate. In February 1861 he was elected president of the Confederacy states. Davis faced difficulties throughout the war as he struggled controlRead MoreEssay on Jefferson Davis: Man of the Year1434 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American Civil War, would have received the title, but there is a simple answer. Jefferson Davis is Time’s Person of the Year because his actions caused the Confederacy to lose the Civil War. He was confident en ough to convince many people to lend him their support, his handling of the military was that of a neophyte, and he refused to cater to the common people. Much of Jefferson Davis’s influence on the outcome of the Civil War comes from his confidence. Historian William C. Davis writes, â€Å"NeverRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreSummary : Mountain View High School Jefferson Davis 1389 Words   |  6 Pages Jefferson Davis Cron, Adelle Mountain View High School Jefferson Davis was the first, and only, president of the Confederate States. His upbringing and actions as a young man led to a strong belief of state s rights and the innate right to own slaves. Davis was a strong spokesperson for these things in his early political career. His ability to attract and bring together the Confederacy combined with his military experience got him appointed to President of the Confederacy. His actionsRead MoreThe War Between The North And The South993 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States had a war between the North and the South. The United States was divided depending on location and personal sentiments. People in the United States sometimes think that this war was only fought over slavery, but there was many reason in why the Union and the Confederate States of America fought. The war was fought on many reason such as the idea of slavery, states’ rights, trade, and tariffs. The Civil War lasted for about five years, from 1861-1865. The war w as between the NorthRead More Abraham Lincoln And Jefferson Davis Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this report I compare two great historical figures: Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president, steered the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolished slavery, and the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis. Abraham Lincoln was the President of the Union, and Jefferson Davis struggled to lead the Confederacy to independence in the U.S. Civil War. Lincoln was treasured by the AfricanRead MoreJEFFERSON DAVIS By Nikhilesh Kumar On June 8, 1861, the last state joined the Confederate States of600 Words   |  3 PagesJEFFERSON DAVIS By Nikhilesh Kumar On June 8, 1861, the last state joined the Confederate States of America. These 8 states were now a new nation, formed after Abraham Lincoln was elected. Their leader- Jefferson Davis, an American soldier and statesman. This man was Union’s bitter enemy. He was the figurehead for the rebellious Confederacy and was hated in the North. His life and actions forever changed the history of this nation. This man was one of the most influential people of the Civil WarRead MoreWho is Jefferson Davis?964 Words   |  4 PagesJefferson Davis had many different roles throughout his life. He was a colonel in the Mexican American War, Davis was elected into the senate, and was a U.S. Secretary of War. His most important job, was his presidency of the Confederate States during the Civil War. Jefferson Finis Davis was born on June 3, 1808. His parents were Samuel Davis and Jane Cook Davis. Davis’s father fought in the American Revolution, which led our country to freedom. Besides Jefferson his parents had nine other childrenRead MoreMonument Of Mosby s Men Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesmany conflicts (Wheeler, thewashingtonpost.com, 2012). But even the best can make mistakes. Mosby’s Men Monument, located in Prospect Hill Cemetery in Front Royal, Virginia, serves are a remembrance to those who died under Mosby’s command during the war (Hawks, shenanadoah.stonesentinials.com, n.d.). Specifically, this stone obelisks commemorates six soldiers who were captured by Union General Wesley Merritt’s Calvary during an engagement in Chester Gap, Virginia, in 1864 (n.a., vaudc.org, n.d.). Four

President Obama and American Civil Rights in the Twenty first Century Free Essays

Civil rights liberties had been celebrated and established in the Untied States only in recent history. Barack Obama’s ascension to the presidency is the fruition of the long struggle of Black Americans for equal rights in all aspect of American society. From the days of Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on President Obama and American Civil Rights in the Twenty first Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now , however, civil rights in the USA have taken on various other issues, including the rights of homosexuals, women and the overall issue of racism, which is tangentially connected to the contentions in immigration. Pres. Obama’s leadership in guaranteeing and even expanding civil rights is done in the context of grave economic and political challenges to the United States. Voting Rights. The White House website (2010) states that â€Å"Civil Rights Division to ensure that voting rights are protected and Americans do not suffer from increased discrimination during a time of economic distress. President Obama†¦ believes that our anti-discrimination employment laws should be expanded to include sexual orientation and gender identity. He supports full civil unions and federal rights for LGBT couples and opposes a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage†¦. [and] that we must ensure adoption rights for all couples and individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation. † The issue of equality is at the heart of civil rights. Equality, on the other hand, is at the heart of American democracy. While the United States’ practice of democracy may not be perfect, it is seen as one of the best working democratic systems in the world. Hence, if any citizen (regardless of class, gender preference or race) fails to vote, their voices shall have been curtailed and their representation may be at stake. Donna Brazile (2010) wrote that the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution was enacted to give voting rights to minorities. But due to Jim Crow laws, various States managed to circumvent the Constitutional amendment in favor of their own prejudices against Blacks and other minorities. Brazile (2010) went on to write that the voting rights of certain minorities are in danger in several states because of certain rules that make it difficult for these minorities to cast their votes. While the civil rights movement in the 1960s was mainly about the rights of Black Americans, the issue now includes other races, particularly Spanish-speaking peoples in the United States. Conservatives, Black Americans and Racism. The Tea Party is supposed to be an answer to the perceived failures of traditional parties in the United States. Ironically, in defense of the Tea Party, even Black conservatives consider the issue of â€Å"race† as a phony category. This tirade was in response to the accusation hurled by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples (NAACP) that the Tea Party is slow to discipline the racist elements in their party, among them are conservative Tom Tancredo, whose assertion implied that those without enough English literacy are responsible for electing America’s enemy—Barack Obama. Tancredo even criticized the â€Å"cult of multiculturalism† as the culprit for the problems of the United States (Travis, 2010, Berger, 2010). While some of elements from Tea Party may deny the category of race as an important issue in American politics, the historical record and events could not be denied. Race has been one of the most contentious issues in American politics and history. By bringing back the issue of literacy in voting, Tancredo is bringing back the Jim Crow laws days when literacy tests were used as a means to disenfranchise minorities and take away their right to vote. Subsequently, this rule became the source of violence in various states. Race and Gender Issues. Another civil rights issue that may appear to have arisen only recently is the issue of same-sex marriages. The most recent controversial matter was California’s Proposition 8, which was meant to re-establish the traditional definition of marriage as union between a man and a woman. But the battle for the rights of same-sex is not over. Judge Vaughn Walker, however, declared that this Proposition is unconstitutional. In his ruling, Walker said that â€Å"Proposition 8 fails to advance any rational basis in singling out gay men and lesbians for denial of a marriage license. Indeed, the evidence shows Proposition 8 does nothing more than enshrine in the California Constitution the notion that opposite-sex couples are superior to same-sex couples† (CNN, 2010). The issue of same-sex marriage is complicated by tradition and religion. Historically, however, race relations had also been complicated by tradition and religion. Hence, Judge Walker even stated that at some point, race restrictions on marriage were also implemented by many states in the past. Individual States and the Federal Government. There are a number of similarities in the civil rights issues of today and that previously faced by the United States. One such parallel that will resolve or further complicate the matter will be the relationship between and among the rules and policies of individual states and that of the federal government. While the federal government is faced with so many challenges from different areas—economy, politics, international relations and immigration among others, individual states will try to circumvent some constitutional rules if the leaders of these states feel that the Federal government is too busy to take notice. Already, some voting rights in Georgia are being threatened and minority votes are being undermined. The issue of same-sex marriage will also be decided upon by individual states, at least at first, before the United States Supreme Court step in to resolve it finally. The 1965 Voting Rights Act was enacted to guarantee equal voting rights. Failure to protect that will be tantamount to undermining America’s legacy of democracy. Reference Berger, J. (2010). Tea Party Launches Counter-Revolution. Fox News. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://liveshots. blogs. foxnews. com/2010/02/04/tea-party-launches-counter-revolution/. Brazile, D. (2010). Stay Vigilant to Protect Voting Rights. Cable News Network. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://edition. cnn. com/2010/OPINION/08/06/brazile. voting. rights. act/index. html. CNN (2010). Opponents of Same-sex Marriage to File Appeal in California Case. Cable News Network. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://edition. cnn. com/2010/US/08/05/california. same. sex. ruling/index. html. Travis, S. (2010). Black Conservatives Join Hands to Deny Racism within the Tea Party Movement. CNN Political Ticker. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://politicalticker. blogs. cnn. com/2010/08/04/black-conservatives-join-hands-to-deny-racism-within-the-tea-party-movement/? iref=allsearch White House Website (2010). Civil Rights. Retrieved 8 August 2010 from http://www. whitehouse. gov/issues/civil-rights. How to cite President Obama and American Civil Rights in the Twenty first Century, Papers

Sunflower Incorporated Analysis free essay sample

Focused in the independent retail market throughout the United States and Canada, Sunflower Incorporated is a popular distributor of salty snacks and liquor. In an attempt to limit variations in profit margins across regions and to protect their company image after finding that certain profitable divisions were using lower-quality products to maximize profit levels, headquarters established a new financial reporting system aimed to standardize pricing and purchasing policy within the organization. . How well did Albanese manage the pricing and purchasing changes at Sunflower? Agnes Albanese, the newly appointed Director of pricing and purchasing may have been a bit hasty in her management approach and failed to follow through with her planned change. Without a comprehensive understanding of company structure and culture, she suggested a solution after a mere three weeks. After a mere three weeks, she suggested a solution but did not (25) Managers and staff specialists must work with and through people to achieve organizational objectives, and OD can help them form effective relationships with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunflower Incorporated Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Planned change involves four sets of activities – entering and contracting, diagnosing, planning and implementing, and evaluating and institutionalizing 2a. Were the changes implemented successfully? Albanese approach may be typical for many organizations but unfortunately it doesnt return anticipated results for numerous reasons. Organizational development theory tells us that change, in order to be effective, must be led and managed. Albanese only provided a quick solution to what she regarded as a simple problem while making no efforts to establish a change plan that would have included such elements as providing the leadership and vision to promote the change, cultural assessment to align behavioral norms, communication and stakeholder management, performance management, training and development, and the impact of the change on the organizational structure. This paper takes a close look at each of Albanese actions and how the fail to address the activities suggested by OD literature. 2b. What might be happening in the regions? 2c. How might you find out? 3. What might Albanese have done differently? 4. What should she (Albanese) do now, given the non-result of her first effort? (That is, given the fact she has missed an opportunity, what would she do to specifically regain an effective working relationship with the field? )

Undertake The CSR Strategies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Undertake The CSR Strategies. Answer: Introduction to the CSR The changes that are being undertaken in the organizational structures based on the change in the demands and the supplies have helped the organizations in evolving a new culture. The new culture is based on the requirements of the organization to cope up with the market demand. Therefore, the organization takes steps in order to ensure the progression that is being planned by the organizations. The improvements in the organizational structure are being undertaken through certain factors that judge the responsibility of the organizations towards the society and the stakeholders of the company (Aguinis and Glavas 2012). It is through the proper functioning of the stakeholders and the society that the company undertakes its decisions. Therefore, the decisions taken by the organization in order to bring in the progress is based on the availability of the resources. The sustainable approach that is being planned by the organization is based on the responsibilities that the companies owe to the society and the stakeholders of the company at large. These set of responsibilities can be termed as the Corporate Social Responsibility or the CSR. It helps in determining the progress made by the organizations in the respective markets. It determines the sustainable approach of the organizations and the actions that portrays their conservable actions on the environment. The functions that are being undertaken by the organizations, through the production and the distribution processes, affect the environment through the depletions and the pollution. Therefore, the companies are required to take steps in order to control the rates of the pollution in order to lower the harmful emissions in the atmosphere. It can be termed as the sustainable approach of the organization (Bondy, Moon and Matten 2012). The approach of the organizations and their care for the society is the basis of the CSR that is being followed by the organization. Critical review of the importance of the CSR The CSR is an important factor that must be adhered buy the organizations in order to ensure that the organizations make their progress in the market structure. Moreover, the growing needs of the conservation of the resources available in the environment is another important factor that justifies the reason as to the why the companies are required to be sustainable in nature. According to Flammer (2013) the CSR determines the sustainable approach of a company, and not only so, but also it helps in determining the position of the organization in the market. The most important factor that is being undertaken by the organization is based on the eco-friendly practices that are being adhered by the organizations during their functioning. On the other hand, Jiraporn et al. (2014) stated that the most common factor that is being undertaken by the organizations are based on the profitability of the steps that are being undertaken by the organizations. CSR is not only important as it focuses on the sustainability of the environment through the steps undertaken by the organization, but also it focuses on the relations that are being undertaken by the organizations with its chief stakeholders. The maintenance of a good relation with the companys stakeholders helps the organization in undertaking the quick progression in the market. It has helped the organization in making the most of the resources and thereby excel in the market. According to Hilson (2012) the most important function that is being taken by the organizations is based on the sound relation with its chief stakeholders. It helps the organization in gaining over the confidence and thereby make a quick progression in the market. The most important changes that the organization must take is based on the sustenance of the organization and the relative growth and expansion of the organization in the foreign markets. The growing awareness among the people and the global concern for the depletion of the environment through the industrial emissions is a proven cause which is being judged by the people all around the world. Therefore, in order to achieve the sustainable market, the organizations must take steps in order to bring in the eco-friendly practices. It will help the organization in making its progress in the markets. Most of the analysts have pointed out that the resourcefulness of the CSR, undertaken by the organizations has helped them in undertaking their progress in the markets. It has helped the organizations in establishing a good relation with the stakeholders, minimized the costs of production and thereby have resulted to the smooth functioning of the organizations resulting to the growth and expa nsions in their respective markets. Moser and Martin (2012) stated that the most important phenomenon in the management of the organization is based on the determination of the CSR of the organization as it helps in the understanding of the structure of the organization and its objectives. The most important steps that ate being undertaken by the organizations is based on the empowerment of the society in which they undertake their functions. The most important part of the CSR is based on the organizations charity that is being undertaken in order to upgrade the standard of living of the people in the region where the organization is functioning. Organizations with the aim of earning fair returns on their investments live a short termed existence in the markets. On the other hand, the others- who are looking for a sustainable and balanced market, undertakes steps in order to undertake the norms and the considerations of the CSR in order to bring in improvements in the organizational structure and the market of the organizations. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be stated that the organizations must undertake the process of the CSR in order to bring in changes in the market of the organization and also to maintain a sustainable approach. On the other hand, the organizations undertaking of the CSR will facilitate the sustainability of the environment and the people at large. CSR reports of two UK companies The CSR reports that are being enumerated of the two UK based companies are being discussed in this section of the analysis. It will help in the understanding of the undertakings of the organizations and the responsibility that the organizations hold respectively towards the environment and the people at large. Thorntons Thorntons is a premium chocolate company based on the UK. The product offering s of the organizations is based on the dairy products as it manufactures the dark and the milk chocolates to be distributed within the borders of the nation. The company has undertaken steps in order to review their CSR as a basis of their motto which is to bring in smiles in the faces of their consumers (Casey and Grenier 2014). It is a sustainable approach of the organization which has helped the organization in surviving the market competition that the company and its products faced in the market. On the other hand, the sustainable nature of the organizations can be understood from their adherence to the CSR techniques. It has helped in the undertaking of the eco-friendly techniques of manufacturing the products and the charity that is being undertaken by the organization towards its society. The company undertakes charitable functions, which is being funded by the staff members of the organizations. It undertakes steps in order to empower the community through their charitable attempts (Tang, Hull and Rothenberg 2012). Moreover, the company also donates money for the well being of the needed people in the community. It is therefore a social function that the organization undertakes. It helps in determining the sustenance of the society in which the concerned organization functions. The fund raising pursuits have helped in bringing in the improvements in the community. It is due to the actions of the organizations that the community has started developing and through the developments of the communities, the company progressed and developed. On the other hand, the environment policy that is being undertaken by the organization has helped in the maintenance of the environment. The eco-friendly measures that are being undertaken by the organization have helped in the conservation of the natural resources during the production process (Brammer, Jackson and Matten 2012). Moreover, the harmful emissions are also being controlled by technologies that are being applied by the organization in the production process. The company also undertakes the recycling of the waste materials before dumping them in the open environments or the landfills. It has helped in the growth of a healthy environment for the communities. The company aims at saving the energy while conducting their production processes in order to make sure that the organization is conserving the energy for the future usage. The target that is being set by the Food and Drink Federation is being undertaken by the organizations as it has decreased the consumption of energy by 10% in a years time (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). Therefore, it shows the progress made by the organization in order to save the energy in the production and the distribution of the goods that are being produced by the organization. On the other hand, the company has also undertakes steps in order to regulate the usage of the water in their production process. It has helped the organization in making significant changes in order to make a sustainable market for them. The company has signed the Commitment of the Federation House 2011, which stated that the company will reduce the usage of water during the production process by 20%. It will help the organizatio n in the proper undertaking of the CSR functions. Greggs UK It is one of the largest bakeries in the nation. The products that the company specializes on are based on the requirements of the consumers. It is the sweet baked goods and the cakes that the bakery produces which is facing a high demand in the UK market. The company has expanded kin the later years of its inception. Recently it holds some 1600 retail stores around the markets of its operations. The CSR that is being adhered by the organization is the point of discussion of this section of the report. The company has raised funds through the employees and the staff members in order to set up the Greggs foundation which contributes to the breakfast clubs of the schools in the UK. Therefore, it is into its charitable consent where the company cares for the local communities and donates the sum of money in order to bring ion changes in their lives. On the other hand, they have contributed large sums of money for the North of England Childrens Cancer Research Fundand theBBCs Children in Needappeal (Low and Ang 2012). Moreover, the company takes steps in order to employ the offenders in the prison house in order to deliver a good life. On the other hand it has taken partnership with the Job Centre Plus in order to provide vacancies for the young people who are desiring to work (Dhaliwal et al.2012). Therefore, it helps in the creation of the employment and thereby raises the standard of living of the people living in the community. The company also undertakes steps in order to manage the wastes efficiently so as not to affect the wellbeing of the environment and the people living in the same. The steps that are being taken by the organization helps in reducing the wastes from the environments. Therefore, the steps taken by the company helps in rendering a healthy life to the communities. On the other hand, the proper usage of the Photovoltaic rooftops has helped the organization ink conserving the power. It helps in the reduction of the carbon. It is estimated that some 1.3m kWh of electricity will be generated for the usage in the bakeries which will help the organization in saving almost around six hundred tons of carbon (Crane, Matten and Spence 2013). The sustainable approach of the organization has helped in its considerable growth in the UK markets and thereby the usage of the CSR has helped the organization in balancing their business environment with the life of the communities. References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda.Journal of management,38(4), pp.932-968. Bondy, K., Moon, J. and Matten, D., 2012. An institution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in multi-national corporations (MNCs): Form and implications.Journal of Business Ethics,111(2), pp.281-299. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), pp.3-28. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), p.117. Casey, R.J. and Grenier, J.H., 2014. Understanding and contributing to the enigma of corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance in the United States.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.97-130. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.StrategicManagement Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Dhaliwal, D.S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A. and Yang, Y.G., 2012. Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.723-759. Flammer, C., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors.Academy ofManagement Journal,56(3), pp.758-781. Hilson, G., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries.Resources Policy,37(2), pp.131-137. Jiraporn, P., Jiraporn, N., Boeprasert, A. and Chang, K., 2014. Does corporate social responsibility (CSR) improve credit ratings? Evidence from geographic identification.Financial Management,43(3), pp.505-531. Low, K.C. and Ang, S.L., 2012. Confucian leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR), the way forward. Moser, D.V. and Martin, P.R., 2012. A broader perspective on corporate social responsibility research in accounting.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.797-806. Tang, Z., Hull, C.E. and Rothenberg, S., 2012. How corporate social responsibility engagement strategy moderates the CSRfinancial performance relationship.Journal of Management Studies,49(7), pp.1274-1303.

The Relationship between Advertising Industry and Media in 20th Century free essay sample

Introduction Advertising is a key for the economy of consumers. Without it, people would face difficulty knowing what services and products are available. Adverting indeed is vital to a prosperous social order. It is also the financial basis of important contemporary mass media (John Vivian, 1997: 315). Advertising performs the dual role of informing and entertaining in the media. It informs us of the products and services that are available for us to buy and use. Along the way, it also entertains us with some amusement, witty, or clever use of words and photos. Media advertising has another vital function. It helps offset the price of the media communication itself to customers. If we didn’t have ads on radio or television, the expense of programming would need to return through taxes, government monies, or sponsorships (Helen Katz, 2003: 5-7). Advertisers know the value of product placement. As the personal media turned into the standard and mass media fragment, advertisers are again trying how they reach consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Advertising Industry and Media in 20th Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More dollars of total advertising budgets are diverted to more targeted technologies while a smaller percentage will be spent on traditional media. Data mining and personalized electronic approaches are increasingly critical to marketplace success. Researchers and advertisers used data mining process to see what websites a person visits, what media the consumer uses, what did she/he buy and other to uncover economic data and demographic to define and classify prospective customers. Looking out databases for prior purchase information and assumptions concerning spending habits based on each home’s location, provides advertisers with clues on how to focus on specific customers (Peter B. et al, 2007. P. 254). For many decades, the newspaper, magazine, radio and television media have been the main sources for manufacturers to advertise their products (Wilson, James and Wilson, Stan Le Roy. 998. P. 319). In this essay, we are going to find out how has the relationship between media and advertising changed in 20th century? And how both worked together? Our focus will be on radio, television and Internet, because they came to exist in 20th century and had a big influence on the world of advertising. After giving a short history of advertising, we will discuss them one by one. History of Advertising The first advertising was oral, in ancient times used by barkers in the marketplace shouting the wares of merchants. Nowadays some advertisements are still oral. If we tune in television we will hear barkers shouting the stuff of automobile dealers. The history of outdoor advertising can go back to posted notices on papyrus in ancient Egypt for runaway slaves. Notices of runaway slaves and bond servants, with rewards offered, may have been the first written advertising, instead of something for sale. During all the centuries of slavery such notices were posted for the logical reason that these valuable pieces of property did not enjoy their lifes condition (Irving Fang, 1997: 61). Even at this early point in the history, advertisements were of key importance, when it came to informing consumers about new products. Coffee is one of such example; in the Middle East coffee was introduced as a drink for the first time, in the fifteenth century. The quick spread of coffee as both a drink and a pattern of behaviour (coffeehouses became social gathering places) advertising of coffees benefits was taking a huge place in newspapers (Mediaknowall). Advertising agency was another facet of advertising in the late nineteenth century, an American phenomenon which spread to Europe and then all over the world. The notion of agency began earlier in the century in France, where newspaper publishers considered the acceptance of ads directly from advertisers as beneath their dignity. Instead, they retailed space in bulk to contractors who sold the space to those with goods to sell. Later on, this concept was adopted by American agencies (Fang, 1997: 62). Wilson and Le Roy Wilson declare that establishing the first advertising agency goes to Volney Palmer, who started the agency in Philadelphia in 1841. By 1870, however, N. W. Ayer, the Americas oldest ad agency functioning today, began representing advertisers, helping them get the best results for their advertising dollars (1998: 296). In the World War II many civilian firms cut back on their advertising budgets. Others simply changed the content of their ads and instructed consumers how to make their products last until after the war instead of selling their products . The growth of advertising can be described as fantastic from the end of the war in 1945 to the late 1980s. The exchange from a war economy to a consumer economy encouraged a spurt in advertising as manufacturers hurried to get the order for all the goods and services that people had gave up buying because of the war (Joseph R. Dominick, 1990: 366). By the 1950s, advertising in its own right was considered as a profession, not just the remit of newspapermen or poets who were unsuccessful. It draw the attention both men and women who wanted to enjoy using their creativity in order to make some serious cash. Hard-working, hard drinking, unconventional and often amoral, the flannel suited Ad Man became a recognisable archetype, the personification of a new kind of cool (Mediaknowall). The period from 1950 to 1975, saw the incredible increasing 490 percent amount of money which spent on advertising. Also during this period a number of significant developments took place. TV’s growth which was of the most important significant developments as a national advertising medium had an impact on both radio and magazines. Radio became a medium and primarily used by local advertisers. Magazines that designed for particular audiences attracted more advertisers, but general publications (such as Colliers and Look) were unable to compete with TV and finally went under. Also in this period, the consumer became a more powerful force in the Responding marketplace. To increased consumer pressure, during the 1970s the Federal Trade Commission introduced corrective advertising. From 1950 to 1980, direct advertising which was done mostly through the mail, increased by more than 800percent. This increase was due to the growth of computerized mailing lists the expanded use of credit card shopping, and the coming out of the telephone as a marketing tool. Finally, the advertisers have become more stylish in their methods appreciation goes back to the emergence of computers and other electronic data processing devices. (R. Dominick, 1990: 366) Types of media like newspaper, magazine, radio and television were the main sources for manufacturers to advertise their products but that began changing in the 1980s and 1990s. For example, in the 1980s some advertisers like Coca Cola began operating commercials in theaters before showing the coming attraction trailers; the aim was targeting untapped audience of moviegoers. The reaction of clients was not too positive. In a 1988 survey, one-third of the audiences stated that they favored the advertising in movie theaters one-third were opposed to, and one-third didnt care. By1996, a similar survey found that between two-thirds and three-quarters of movie goers only 2 to 3 percent objected the commercials and others all liked it. By increasing the advertising time to follow the lead of European nations was the next step. At that time theater patrons in France could expect to see an average of 20 minutes of advertising before the movies started. And England was running around 7 minutes of commercials in movie houses. During the1990s the traditional media also became concerned as many large department store chains turned to the World Wide Web not only to advertise their products using the Internet for mail orders but also to sell them (Wilson and Le Roy, 1998: 319). Advertising and radio The 1920s was the beginning of radio as an advertising medium. Radio became an attractive vehicle for national advertisers by the rise of network broadcasting. About $27 million was spent on network advertising by 1930, and advertising agencies were responsible of producing the most popular shows of the day. The stock market collapse of 1929 had a terrible effect on the U. S. economy. Total dollars spent on advertising dropped from $2. 8 billion in 1929 to $1. 7 billion in 1935. It would take a decade for the industry to recover (R. Dominick, 1990. P. 366). The rapid growth of radio1920s was a means of free home entertainment, the only cost after the initial purchase of a radio set was to hear such advertising as the jingle. That was no cost at all, to a population suffering the economic effects of the Depression. Prices were not mentioned in radio ads until 1932. Catchy tunes like â€Å"Pepsi cola hits the spot, twelve full thats ounces, a lot † spun around in peoples heads as often as any song on the Hit Parade. Jingles even appeared in outdoor advertisements, such as the famous Burma Shave signs that motorists read, line after line, as they sped along the American highways (Fang, 1997: 64). The Queensboro Realty Company in 1922 for five radio talks that praised the benefits of living in the country paid $300. Immediately after that other companies realized the advertising potential of this system and followed suit. Other stations began to copy arrangement, and broadcasting would be supported by advertising, so the problem of financing radio was solved (R. Dominick, 1990: 178). The idea of broadcasting commercials in 1922 took a little selling. Broadcasters worried about how the government which licensed them, would feel about what Herbert Hoover and after that Secretary of Commerce referred to as being â€Å"drowned in advertising chatter†. Broad casters and advertisers also worried about ads that spread without having control on them or without anyone having any idea about who was getting the message and what effect it was having, or whether any one at all was paying attention. An answer that was comforting came when a commercial for Mineralava cosmetics offered a free photo of actress Marion Davies, who had spoken about How I Make Up for the Movies. † Many requests poured in from listeners. Albert Lasker, an important figure in advertising industry during the first half of the twentieth century, heavily led his agency, Lord Thomas, into radio. Many of the early radio shows were produced by Lasker’s agency including the most popular of all, Amos ‘n’ Andy (Fang, 1997: 64). Reasonably inexpensive, radio lends itself to repeated play of advertisements to drive home a message introduced in more expensive media like television. Nonetheless, radio does not propose any opportunities for the visual display. Radio lends itself to jingles that can contribute to a lasting image. Even though the images listeners create in their minds from audio suggestions can be more effective than those set out visually on television. (Vivian, 1997: 322) Television and advertising Televising Advertising Jingles typified an effort to be creative, to make an ad something more than the notification that goods were for sale. Advertisers acknowledged, before most of the rest of society did, that is to be expected for the public to remember something enjoyable. That helps to explain for people who have seen the same commercial many times sit entranced to watch it again without getting bored. It is also when the program is on why a child who runs off will come back running for the commercial. More thought, cold cash, effort, and energy go into television commercials nowadays than into television programs. (Fang, 1997: 64-65) TVs prospective as an advertising medium wasnt realized until 1948, although J. Walter Thompson agency in 1930 was the one first aired the television commercial. The advertisers name has been carried by many early programs, such as Milton Berles popular Texaco Star Theater the Camel News Caravan and The Hallmark Hall of Fame (which is still on the air today), because there was only for the one sponsor total program. Soon the masses in the United States preferred the Television advertising medium among other adverting medium (Wilson and Le Roy, 1998: 298). Television can offer unmatched impact, as a moving and visual medium, and the rapid growth of both network and local television advertising, far outpacing other media, indicates its success in reaching a diverse mass audience. Drawbacks include the fact that production costs can be high (Vivian, 1997: 322). In the 1980s, a new form of electronic advertising developed: direct-response home shopping services with the development of cable and satellite TV. These cable networks (HSN, QVC, etc. ) sell on sale products directly to consumers, who telephone in their orders to banks of operators. Home-shopping networks pay a percentage of the profits from sales generated in their viewing area to the cable operators, instead of buying air time from these cable operators. This type of direct selling is expected to take on new dimensions when interactive-TV and virtual reality technologies find their position in the marketplace (Wilson and Le Roy, 1998: 298). Vivian states that advertisers were forced by the expense of television time to make their advertisements shorter and shorter. A result is ad clutter, a phenomenon in which advertisements compete against each other and reduce the impact of all of them (1997: 322). 15 second ads started running by all three television networks in 1986, this allowed them to reduce the cost of per ad, and then they could run ads twice more than before, and maintain revenue levels. The 15-second advertisements called â€Å"15s† posed a new creative challenge to the industry: covering a powerful message in half the time and they were still able to sell the product to the consumer. The popularity of 15s started to decline by the early 1990s, and they could only represent 32 percent of the market. (Wilson and Le Roy, 1998: 310) Advertising and Internet Gary Thuerk was the creator of the first spam email advertisement ever to hit the inbox, also known as the father of spam, not a very inspiring title (â€Å"The History of Online Advertising†). The earliest documented junk e-mailing was written May 1 but It was sent May 3, 1978 (Brad Templeton). In the year 1980 the time Usenet, which was an online debate forum where people were capable of posting messages on new groups, was created, it used to get flooded with new posts, but as soon as the spam and mass messaging was introduced, people were sending out huge number of emails (â€Å"The History of Online Advertising†). Rachel argued that the first online advertisement appeared on the web in 1994, prompting the starting of the online advertising world. The period of experimentation by the advertisers and publishers was the first part, pioneering on ad formats and technology. DoubleClick was one of the first ad-serving technologies which was launched in 1995, (2011). The quick growing world of computers during the 1990s also brought about a new arena for advertising: the World Wide Web. Like other newspapers in the mid 1990s, the San Jose, California Mercury News founded a news Web site on the Internet. Editors put news from the newspaper on the Web site, thus people with computers were able to select news online. Every time an electronic reader tapped into Mercury Center, as the Mercurys Web site dubbed it was recorded as a hit. (Vivian, 1997: 322) During the first half of 1996, companies spent around $66. 7 million to advertise on the web with two-thirds of the spending coming from computer and telecommunications companies. The two biggest advertisers were Microsoft ($2. 9 million) and Netscape ($2. 1 million) while IBM was the third largest spender (s2. 0 million) and ATT (s17 million came in sixth. Toyota was the 13th largest web advertiser. In the meantime, a major U. S. cereal company started dabbling in this new technology in 1996. Kellogg Company launched what was seen as the worlds largest test of interactive TV advertising. (Wilson and Le Roy, 1998: 298) In 1995, Mercury Center was receiving 325,000 hits per a day, compared with the 270. 000 circulation of the newsprint product. The potential of web sites as advertising vehicles has not been lost on newspapers or other organizations including ATT and Microsoft, which also have established news sites online. Obviously, one pro of online advertising is that readers can click deeper and deeper levels of information about advertised goods Much more information can be packed into a layered online message than within the space and time limits of a print or broadcast ad (Vivian, 1997: 322). Conclusion In this study, we attempted to a good extent to discuss the main changes and developments in advertising and its relation with mass media. As we mentioned previously that adverting is essential to a prosperous social order. It is also the financial basis of important contemporary mass media. For many decades, the newspaper, magazine, radio and television media have been the main sources for manufacturers to advertise their products and goods. The major advent in the beginning of 20th century was radio as an advertising medium. The rise of network broadcasting made radio attractive vehicle for national advertisers. Also, radio freed advertising from its relationship to literacy by communicating through music, jingles, and the spoken word. Advertising agencies were not persuaded at first, but soon radio became their new medium and advertisers discovered its seemingly endless possibilities. Next, television arrived, and its rise was a significant improvement as a national advertising medium. TVs progress had an influence on both radio and magazines. Radio became a medium used primarily by local advertisers. Magazines that intended for specific audiences attracted more advertisers. Later on, in the late of the century, the quickly increasing world of computers during the 1990s also introduced a new ground for advertising: the World Wide Web. Like other newspapers in the mid 1990s. The quick growth of the Internet as a consumer medium was huge in the history of media. As a result, we found out how has the relationship between media and advertising changed in 20th century.